Mom's constant reminders to brush your teeth may be helping your heart. Good oral hygiene aids in preventing plaque build-up that characterizes both cardiac and gum diseases.
There is growing evidence that hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis, is somehow related to infection and inflammation.
"There's a strong indication that periodontal (gum) disease is a risk factor for formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries," says Jack Caton, DDS, president of The American Academy of Periodontology and professor of periodontology at the University of Rochester Eastman Dental Center in New York. Caton considers gum disease a worldwide problem, plaguing almost everyone.
Gum Disease
The primary form of periodontal disease occurs when bacteria invade the gums, bones, and tissue that support the teeth. Many adults suffer from periodontal disease, but most do not realize it until substantial damage has already occurred. Often painless, gum disease progresses relentlessly. Gums separate from teeth, pockets form and deepen, and bacteria-produced toxins destroy tissue. While in its earliest stage, known as gingivitis, professional dental care and good oral hygiene can reverse the periodontal siege.
For hundreds of years, people have recognized a connection between oral infections and systemic conditions. More recent investigations have found an association between gum disease and cardiovascular disease, low birth-weight babies, respiratory infections, and diabetes. One study found people with periodontal bone loss had twice the chance of fatal heart disease. The exact mechanism that increases cardiovascular risk remains murky, but experts believe bacteria from the chronic gum infection enter the bloodstream and cause white blood cells (which fight infections) to release inflammatory chemicals that create a build-up of fatty deposits and clots in the arteries. Studies have shown that chronic infections in other parts of the body can cause a similar response.
"An overall part of having a healthy body and heart is to make sure there are no chronic infections in the body, including periodontitis and gingivitis," Caton explains.
Prevention
"Preventing periodontal disease or reducing its extent or severity may also reduce the risk of coronary artery disease," Caton says. "Improved oral hygiene and frequent dental cleanings are both associated with periodontal health. Periodontal health is associated with a lower incidence of coronary artery disease and stroke."
To minimize your risk:
* Brush inner, outer, and chewing surfaces at least twice daily with a soft-bristled brush held at a 45° angle. Some people find electric brushes easier to use.
* Floss at least once daily, gently guiding the floss between teeth. While holding floss taut and curved around each tooth, slide the floss up and down. Use a clean section of floss for each tooth.
* Obtain professional dental cleaning every six months, more often if you are prone to plaque or gingivitis. "It's probably the best investment an adult can make in terms of preventing periodontal disease and decay," Caton says.
* Ask for an annual periodontal screening and assessment of the degree to which gum tissue has pulled away from teeth.
by Debra Wood, RN
